Can you play Terraria with other friends on different consoles?

I intend to get the mobile version of Terraria! But only because then I can play with my friends, but my friends only have Terraria on the Nintendo Switch. And my question would be if I can still play with my friends (in multiplayer mode of course) although I play on the phone.

No, that does not work. The mobile version is based on an older version of Terraria than the switch version (and PS4 / Xbox One).