In-game view rotates in a circle when using the Xbox controller?

I've had the problem lately that the view in games rotates in circles when used. I tested several games (Rainbow Six Siege, GTA V and LS19). It always turned, but only when the controller was on. Everything is fine with a keyboard and mouse. Who has an idea what could be a problem?

There are chances that:

A) Your controller is incorrectly calibrated, what is it like if you steer against it, nothing moves at all?

B) Your controller is broken, does it always send this "wrong" signal?

I don't start from A because I made the controller several times and tried to touch the stick.

If it can't be A), I fear that the controller is defective…