If you pre-order something like the new Xbox Series X console that won't be released until November 10th, do you have to pay for it immediately?

Or will it be debited from the credit card later?

At delivery.

You have to pay for it directly.

At least that's the case with most retailers.

Otherwise you could just say: "Bad luck! Someone else is getting the console, you haven't done anything for it!"

Funny. I have now pre-ordered a total of 4 consoles from various retailers and didn't have to pay any in advance.